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4 x UTI URINE/URINARY TRACT INFECTION CYSTITIS/BLADDER TESTS (1 TEST PER FOIL)

4 x UTI URINE/URINARY TRACT INFECTION CYSTITIS/BLADDER TESTS (1 TEST PER FOIL)

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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is diagnosed using a urine test, which can detect bacteria and blood in the urine.

A urinary infection is an inflammation of the urinary tract, mostly caused by bacteria, and primarily intestinal bacteria. This test will screen for the presence of any protein, nitrites or leukocytes in your urine. The presence of these components may indicate a bacterial infection of the bladder.

How are urinary-tract infections (UTIs) identified?

Generally, first of all test strips are used, these are dipped in a urine sample to detect any signs of an infection: white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites (many bacteria not normally present in urine convert nitrate from food into nitrite) and in severe infection cases blood will be present. If any of these signs are present, a more detailed investigation of both the urine and the patient will be required.

Please note:
It is recommended that, for the test, a sample of urine be taken first thing in the morning, since early-morning urine is the most concentrated. The urine used
for the test should not come into contact with water from the toilet or any disinfectant or cleaning substances.
For women only: The test should not be performed during or for three days after your menstrual period. The urine sample should not be contaminated with vaginal
fluids since this may produce a misleading result.

How does this test work?

The test is the same one as done by your GP/Doctor. Simply collect a sample of your urine into a clean uncontaminated container. Immerse the test strip into the container of urine for about 2 seconds. Wait 60 seconds and read the result by comparing with the colour chart provided.

What is being tested?

Your urine will be tested for three different items. These are:-

Leukocytes
The presence of leukocytes in urine is an important finding in inflammatory conditions of the kidneys and urinary tract. In most cases, where there is a bacterial Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), leukocytes are found in the urine. If leukocytes are found in your urine sample the colour of the test strip will change colour and go dark pink or purple.

Nitrite
Nitrite eliminated via the urinary tract may only arise due to the conversion of nitrate into nitrite by bacteria inside the urinary tract. So one of the most important symptoms of a bacterial UTI is the presence of nitrite in the urine. If nitrites are found in your urine the test strip will change colour from white to pink.

Blood
The presence of blood in the urine is a confirmatory signal of a severe urinary tract infection. There can be reasons why blood is present in the urine without the other test strips being positive such as during menstruation. However, blood in the urine should always be investigated if there is no other known reason for the presence of blood.

When to seek medical advice

There is a higher risk of complications with an upper UTI, so see your GP if you notice any of the symptoms.

Although many lower UTIs are mild and get better within a few days, speak to your GP if your symptoms are causing you a lot of pain and discomfort or if they last more than five days.

Symptoms of urinary tract infection can be divided into two groups; symptoms of lower UTI (Cystitis and Urethritis) and symptoms of upper UTI (pyelonephritis).

Symptoms that indicates lower UTI in adults include the following:

1. Back pain

2. Blood in the urine

3. Cloudy urine

4. Inability to urinate despite the urge

5. Fever

6. Frequent need to urinate

7. General discomfort

8. Painful urination

Symptoms that indicate upper UTI in adults include the following:

1. Chills

2. High fever

3. Nausea (A feeling of sickness in the stomach

characterized by an urge to vomit)

4. Pain below the ribs

5. Vomiting

SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION:

Collect a clean catch urine sample by washing the genital area and collect a midstream sample of urine in the provided sterile urine cup.  This method of collecting urine helps prevent bacteria around the genital area from getting into the sample and confusing the test results. Test the urine as soon as possible after collection. A first morning urine specimen is recommended for nitrite test.

PROCEDURE:

This procedure MUST BE FOLLOWED EXACTLY to achieve reliable test results.

1. Check that the product is within the expiration date shown on the kit pack.

2. Prepare the urine specimen.

3. Remove the strip from the pouch. Familiarize yourself with the position of the reaction area of Leukocytes, RBCs and Nitrite. Pale pink reaction area is for Leukocytes, white is for nitrite and dark yellow area is for blood. Also, familiarize yourself with the colour chart on the pack

4. Dip the test strip in the urine until the reaction areas are completely immersed for no more than 1 second. 5. Remove the dipstick from the urine and tap the strip on the rim of the cup to remove excess urine and place it horizontally with the reaction areas facing up.

6. Leave the strip for 30-60 seconds for the reaction to take place.

7. Read the results by comparing the colours of the reaction on the strip with those of the chart. While comparing, keep the strip in a horizontal position to avoid possible mix of colours between the reaction areas on the strip.

8. Identify the best match colour on the colour chart and the correspondent concentration range. A change in colour that appears only along the edges of the reaction areas indicates that the reaction did not take place properly so we recommend redoing the test with another strip.

Results read after 60 seconds are not valid.

RESULTS:

The results are obtained by direct comparison of test strip with the colour chart printed on the pack. See the table below for test interpretation and recommendations.

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